体外冲击波碎石术
本期继续为大家分享欧洲泌尿外科学会视频——体外冲击波碎石手术，动画片展示的是肾结石去除过程，体外冲击波直接对准体内结石的位置，将结石击碎成小块，手术后排尿，碎石可随尿液排出体外。并将英文资料一同附上，以供大家更好地学习、交流。
中 文 视 频
医生建议患者进行体外冲击波碎石手术。手术中，体外冲击波直接对准体内结石的位置，将结石击碎成小块。排尿时，碎石可随尿液一起排出体外。
本动画展示了肾结石去除的过程。这一手术一般不需要全身麻醉，但患者需在手术过程中服用止痛药以缓解疼痛。患者平躺于手术台上，冲击波碎石机置于身体侧面，可利用X光或超声波成像进行观察，确定结石的确切位置。随后，聚焦的冲击波穿过皮肤传递到结石上，结石吸收冲击波的能量，碎裂成砂粒状的碎石。由于碎石体积很小，可随尿液一起排出体外，故患者手术后需进行排尿。手术过程约45分钟，若存在较大的结石，一般需要进行多次冲击波碎石才可完全击碎，医生会结合病情告知患者最适合的治疗方法。
手术后，医生会进行进一步检查，检查结石是否完全破碎，是否随尿液排出。患者可使用滤尿器，用于过滤尿液中的碎石，以便进行进一步检查。有时，碎石在排出体外的过程中可能会暂时卡在输尿管中，这会引起血尿、尿闭，甚至疼痛。若患者有痛感，可服用止痛的处方药，暂时减少饮水量，以减轻结石堵塞，若发烧需及时就医，疼痛减轻后，患者可开始正常饮水。
English Subtitles
Your doctor has recommended that you undergo a shock wave lithotripsy.During this procedure, external shock waves are directed to the location of the stones in your body,and which break the stones into tiny pieces.When you urinate, these pieces are then discharged from the body along with the urine.
This animation shows the removal of stones in the kidney.There is usually no need for general anesthesia,but pain medication is administered for comfort during the procedure.You are placed on an operating table with your flank positioned towards the shock wave generator.Imaging with x-rays or ultrasound might be performed to pinpoint the exact location of the stones.Focused shock waves are then transmitted to the stone through the skin.The stone absorbs the energy of the shock waves and breaks into pieces as small as grains of sand.Because of their small size, these pieces can pass easily from the body along with the urine when you go to the toilet after the procedure.The procedure lasts about 45 minutes.If you have a large stone, it is quite common that you need multiple sessions to completely break it.You doctor will inform you on the needed course of treatment.
After the procedure, your doctor will see you for a follow up to check if the stone completely broke up and got flushed out with the urine.You will be given a urine strainer to catch the bits of stone passed in your urine for further examination.Sometimes, a stone fragment can temporarily get stuck in the ureter on its way down.This can cause some blood in your urine, congestion and even pain.If you are in pain, use the prescribed painkillers and temporarily drink only small amounts to minimize the congestion.Contact your doctor if you develop fever.When the pain is under control, you can start drinking normally again.
